# Atoms are Balls: A Novel Framework for Understanding Atomic Structure

[![Version](https://img.shields.io/badge/version-v23-blue)](https://git.esus.name/esus/spin_paper)
[![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-CC%20BY%204.0-green)](LICENSE)

## 🌟 The Big Idea

**What if atoms aren't flat circles but three-dimensional spinning balls?**

This repository contains a scientific paper exploring a radical reconceptualization of atomic structure. By treating atoms as 3D spinning spheres rather than 2D mathematical abstractions, we discover that the electromagnetic force emerges naturally from rotational geometry—with stunning numerical agreement across the periodic table.

## 🔬 Key Results

| Element | Our 3D Model | Coulomb Force | Agreement |
|---------|--------------|---------------|-----------|
| Hydrogen | 8.23 × 10⁻⁸ N | 8.24 × 10⁻⁸ N | **99.9%** |
| Carbon | 3.20 × 10⁻⁷ N | 3.18 × 10⁻⁷ N | **99.4%** |
| Gold | 1.42 × 10⁻⁶ N | 1.41 × 10⁻⁶ N | **99.3%** |

**Zero free parameters. Pure geometry.**

## 📄 Paper Abstract

Current quantum mechanics treats atoms as two-dimensional systems with abstract angular momentum quantum numbers. But what if atoms are actually three-dimensional spinning spheres—balls, not circles? This simple conceptual shift leads to a profound mathematical result: the electromagnetic force binding electrons to nuclei emerges naturally from 3D rotational geometry, with zero free parameters.

## 🚀 Quick Start

### Read the Paper
```bash
cd current/
pdflatex main_document_v23.tex
bibtex main_document_v23
pdflatex main_document_v23.tex
pdflatex main_document_v23.tex
```

### Verify the Mathematics
```bash
cd scripts/
python verify_atoms_are_balls.py
```

## 📁 Repository Structure

- `current/` - Latest version (v23) of the paper
- `scripts/` - Python verification and analysis scripts  
- `figures/` - Generated plots and visualizations
- `archive/` - Historical versions showing development
- `docs/` - Additional documentation

## 🧮 The Formula

The core insight is that for a 3D spinning atomic "ball":

```
F = ℏ²s²/(mr³)
```

where `s = mvr/ℏ` is calculated from observables. This exactly reproduces Coulomb's law!

## 🤔 Implications

If correct, this suggests:
- Electromagnetic force IS quantum gravity at 10⁻¹⁰ m scale
- All fundamental forces are the same 3D rotational geometry  
- Quantum mechanics needs geometric reinterpretation
- We've been missing something fundamental for 100 years

## 🐕 Origin Story

This theory emerged from watching a dog run in circles on a leash. Sometimes the deepest insights come from the simplest observations.

## 👥 Contributors

- **Andre Heinecke** - Original concept and primary author
- **Caseway's Fast and Furious Bilbo** - Canine inspiration  
- **AI Collaborators** - ChatGPT-4 and Claude helped formalize the mathematics

## 📜 License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. See [LICENSE](LICENSE) for details.

## 🔗 Links

- Repository: https://git.esus.name/esus/spin_paper
- Author: esus@heinecke.or.at

## 💭 Final Thought

> "Sometimes the universe's deepest truths hide behind the simplest questions. Like: Are atoms really flat circles, or are they tiny spinning balls?"

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*For the full development history and how we arrived at these insights, see [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md)*